Energy-efficient Adaptive Routing Research Articles

TMTACS: Two-Tier Multi-Trust-Based Algorithm to Countermeasure the燬ybil Attacks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have always been vulnerable to Sybil attacks in which users create fake nodes to trick the system into thinking they’re authentic. These fake nodes need to be detected and deactivated for security reasons, to avoid harming the data collected by various applications. The MANET is an emerging field that promotes trust management among devices. Transparency is becoming more essential in the communication process, which is why clear and honest communication strategies are needed. Trust Management allows for MANET devices with different security protocols to connect. If a device finds difficulty in sending a message to the destination, the purpose of the communication process won’t be achieved and this would disappoint both that device and all of your devices in general. This paper presents, the Two-Tier Multi-Trust based Algorithm for Preventing Sybil Attacks in MANETs (TMTACS). The TMTACS provides a two-tier security mechanism that can grant or revoke trust in the Nodes of the MANET. It’s a smart way to identify Sybil nodes in the system. A proficient cluster head selection algorithm is also defined, which selects cluster head efficiently and does load balancing to avoid resource consumption from a single node only. Also, for routing efficient path is selected to deteriorate energy consumption and maximize throughput. The recent technique is compared with Secured QoS aware Energy Efficient Routing (SQEER), Adaptive Trust-Based Routing Protocol (ATRP), and Secure Trust-Aware Energy-Efficient Adaptive Routing (STEAR) in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), consumption of energy etc. The simulation was performed on MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) and the results achieved by the present scheme are better than existing techniques.

A two-hop based adaptive routing protocol for real-time wireless sensor networks.

One of the most important and challenging issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to optimally manage the limited energy of nodes without degrading the routing efficiency. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient adaptive routing mechanism for WSNs, which saves energy of nodes by removing the much delayed packets without degrading the real-time performance of the used routing protocol. It uses the adaptive transmission power algorithm which is based on the attenuation of the wireless link to improve the energy efficiency. The proposed routing mechanism can be associated with any geographic routing protocol and its performance is evaluated by integrating with the well known two-hop based real-time routing protocol, PATH and the resulting protocol is energy-efficient adaptive routing protocol (EE-ARP). The EE-ARP performs well in terms of energy consumption, deadline miss ratio, packet drop and end-to-end delay.

A Sector Based Energy Efficient Adaptive Routing Protocol for Large Scale MANET

A MANET is a type of ad-hoc network that can change locations and configure itself on the fly. A MANET involves mobile platforms which are free to move arbitrarily and there may be frequent link breakage due to battery. We propose a novel adhoc routing protocol named as Sector based Energy Efficient (SEA) routing protocol with high data throughput. To overcome the link breakage in MANET, the proposed protocol also uses the mathematical geometrical progression method, which minimizes the redundancy distance calculation and routing overhead. We also combine the mathematical model with weight based route estimation techniques. It selects the longest life span to estimate the route stability derived from received signal strength. The simulation results shows that the proposed SEA protocol yields better performance then the existing protocols namely EDRP, EDNR, DOA and AODV in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.

Energy-efficient adaptive routing in wireless ad hoc and mesh networks

In this study, the authors focus on energy-efficient routing in wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. Since the existing energy-efficient routing algorithms are fixed and unaware of the channel fading dynamics, they may be suitable if the antennas at network nodes are situated in very high altitudes and have highly directive links. Although, some physical experimental results suggest that even in such scenarios the effect of fading may not be negligible. Particularly in urban areas, the impact of fading cannot be ignored. Thus, when deployed in real world scenarios, current energy-efficient routing algorithms suffer from severe performance degradation in terms of power consumption. In this study, the authors first introduce fading aware decision metrics that help the current node select the optimal next hop destination. Then, using these metrics, the authors propose a power saving routing (PSR) algorithm that takes into account the multipath fading effect. The algorithm is optimised based on the location knowledge of the nodes and the localised channel condition of each node. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing well-known PSR algorithm.